> Jantav dravya (Drugs of animal Origin ):-
1. Kasturi
2. Gorochana
3. Mrigasringa
1.Kasturi (musk)
> Introduction:-
Kasturi – Musk, as commonly known, is a secretion from the navel of animal Moschus Moschiferus or popularly known as Musk Deer found in the Himalayan mountains.
>Vernacular names :-
-English :- Musk
-Hindi :- कस्तूरी
-Gujarati :- કસ્તૂરી
>Synonyms :-
- कस्तूरिका मृगमदो मृगनाभिर्मृगाण्डजा ।
मार्जारी वेधमुख्या च मदनी गन्धचेलिका ।।(ध.नि.)
- मृगनाभिर्मृगमदः कथितस्तु सहस्रभित् ।
कस्तूरिका च कस्तूरी त्रिविधा स्मृता ॥ (भा.प्र.)
Kastūrikā, Mṛgamada, Mrganābhi, Mrgāndajā, Märjārī, Vedamukhyā, Madani, Gandhacelikā, Sahasravedhikā, Mrgaja, Śresthavedhikā, Märga, Darpa, Sahasrabhit, Subhagā, Bahugandhadā, Śyāmā, Kāmānandā, Kuranganābhi, Lalitā, Śyāmālī and Kämamedi.
>Types :
-Kamarupiya : Black in colour and supirior
-Naipali : Nila varna and moderate
-Kashmiri : Kapil varna and inferior
>Classification :-
1.Bha.Pr.Ni :- Karpuradi varga
2.Dha.Ni.; Ra.Ni. :- Chandanadi varga
3.Kai.Ni. :- Aushadhi varga
>Properties :-
- कस्तूरिका कटुस्तिक्ता क्षारोष्णा शुक्रला गुरुः ।
कफवातविषच्छर्दिदौर्गन्ध्यशोषहृत् ॥ (भा.प्र.)
- कस्तूरिका रसे तिक्ता कटुः श्लेष्मानिलापहा ।
विषघ्नी दोषशमनी मुखशोषहरा परा ।। (ध.नि.)
- कषाया मधुरा लघ्वो वातपित्तहरास्तीक्ष्णाहृद्या बस्तिशोधनाश्च ॥ (सु.सू.४६)
Rasa :- Tikta , katu
• Su.Su.- kashay , madhur
Guna :- Guru
• Su.Su.- laghu
Virya :- Usna
Karma :- kapha – vata hara , visaghna , Mukhasosahara , Sukrala , Alakasmighna , Dourgandhya hara etc.
Su.Su.- Vatapittahara
>Indications :- Kiläsa, Netra roga, Mukha roga, Vāta roga, Chardi, Visa roga, Sosa
>Dose :- 1 to 4 Ratti or 15-60 mg.
>Formulations :- kasturi bhairava rasa
Kasturi modaka
Kamagnisandipana rasa
Amrtaprasa ઘ્ર્ત
>Collection :-
•Musk is secreted by the male adult deer only. However, the presence of such secretion in very young animals do not possess characteristic smell.
•Musk is formed in a small sac produced by an infolding of the skin which is situated at short distance behind the navel and just in front of preputial orifice.
•The musk is secreted in the alveoli of the inner lining of the sac and collected in the cavity of the sac. The ejection of the secretion from the sac takes place through a small canal which is situated on the outer surface of the pod and opens near the preputial orifice
•The outer surface of the pod is covered with
hair.
•The musk obtained in the pods is usually moist and often has a strong ammonia like odour. It can be freed from moisture and ammonia by exposing to air.
>Modern Perspective :-
•Musk is the dried secretion from the preputial follicles of musk deer (Phylum: Chordata: Class: Mammalia, order: Ungulate & Family: Cervidae).
Musk is secreted in these animals during the rutting season only as a natural measure to attract the female deer.
>Chemical constituents :-
•Musk contains ammonia, oleine, cholesterin, fat, wax, gelatinous matter, albuminous substances and leaves an ash. Ash is composed chiefly of the chlorides of potassium, sodium & calcium. When distilled, musk yields the principles muscone, muskone (0.3% to 2%), and normuscone
>Commercial Varieties :-
1.Tonquin musk :- It is said to be the costliest and the purest variety.
2.Yanan musk
3.Assam and Nepal musk
4.Russian musk :- This musk is more moist and less granular.
2.Gorochana (bezoar)
>Introduction :- It is the bile of ox/Cow (Fel bovinum).
>Vernacular names :-
-English :- Bezoar
-Hindi :- गोरोचन
-Gujarati : મોરુચંદન , ગોરોચન
>Synonyms :-
- गोरोचना तु मङ्गल्या वन्द्या गौरी च रोचना ।
गोरोचना हिमा तिक्ता वश्या मङ्गलकान्तिदा ॥(भा.प्र.)
- रोचना पिङ्गला पिङ्गा मेध्या गौरी च गौमती ।
माङ्गल्या कदनीयाऽग्र्या पावनी रुचिरारुचिः ॥(घ.नि.)
Rocanā, pingalā, pingā, medhyā, gourī, goumati, mangalyā, kadanīyā, agryā, pāvanī, ruciră, ruciḥ, rocanā, pācanī, śītā, gopitta candanā, bhūta vidrāvaṇī, yogyā, rakṣā, priyadā, vandanīyā, vandani, goutamī, bhogyā, gopittajā, vaśyā, kāñcani, manoramā, vāmā, bhūmikarāhvayā.
>Classification :-
1.Dha.Ni. :- Candanadi varga
2.Bha.pra.Ni. :- Karpuradi varga
3.Ra.Ni. :- Candanadi varga
4.Kai.Ni. :- Dhatu varga
>Properties :-
- रोचना पाचनी शीता विषनेत्ररूजो जयेत् ।
सौभाग्यकरणी भूतग्रहदोषं च नाशयेत् ॥ (घ.नि.)
- गोरोचना तु मङ्गल्या वन्द्या गौरी च रोचना ।
गोरोचना हिमा तिक्ता वश्या मङ्गलकान्तिदा ॥
तु विषालक्ष्मीग्रहोन्मादगर्भस्रावक्षता सुहृत् || (भा.प्र.)
- मधूनि गोरसाः पित्तं वसा मज्जाऽसृगामिषम् ॥
विण्मूत्रचर्मरतोस्थि स्नायु शृङ्ग नखाः खुराः ।
जङ्गमेभ्यः प्रयुज्यन्ते केशा लोमानि रोचनाः ।।
(च.सू. १/६८-६९)
Rasa :- Tikta
Guna Vipaka:- Ruksa , Laghu
Virya :- Sita
Vipaka :- Katu
Karma :- Pachan, Visaghna, Netrya, Bhutaghna, Alakshmighna, Medhya.
Indication. :-
Asmari, Agnimandya , visa roga , netra roga , graha roga , unmad, garbhasrava, krmi, kushtha etc.
Gorochana is prepared by:
- evaporating gall to one third
- Adding alchohol filtering
- distilling off
- Evaporating untill it become Suitable consistency for Making pills.
-It is light and can be easily broken between the fingers.
>It is specially indicated in
-measles and small- pox
-To reduce excessive heat in the body;
-In whooping cough
-Watery stools
-Holeraic symptoms
-Used in convulsions, hysteria, spas modic diseases, melancholia and intestinal disorders with deficient secretion of bile, in jaundice, etc
-in abortion.
-It is given to infants for stopping green stools and (in small doses) as a laxative. The useful adult dose is from 5 to 10 grains.
>Therapeutic use :-
1. Svitra
2. Bhutonmada
>Dose :- 2 to 6 gm
>Formulations :-
1. Gorocanadi vati
2. Balaraka ras
3.Mrigasringa (Hart’s horn)
>Introduction:-
It is the horn of hart(male red deer) – Pinctada vulgaris
>Vernacular names :-
• English :- Hart's horn
• Hindi :- हरीनशींग
>Synonyms :-
Ambhasāra, Indu ratna, Kuvala, Canra ratna, Toula, Bindu phala, bhuruha, Muktāphala, Mouktika, Śaśiprobha, Śuktija, Sindhujāta, Himabāla.
>Properties :-
Rasa :- Kasaya
Guna :- Laghu
Virya :- Ushna
Vipaka :- Katu
Karma :- Vatakaphahara, Kasahara, Hrdhya.
>Chemical constituents :-
-It mainly consists of calcium phosphate.
>Indications :-
- पुटदग्धमश्मपिष्टं हरिविषाणं च सर्पिषा पिबतः ।
हृत्पृष्ठशूलोपशमुपयान्यचिरेण कष्टमपि ।। (भै.र.)
Pārśvaśūla, kāsa, śvāsa, hrdroga, hikkā, āmavāta, katiśūla etc.
>Dose :- 250 mg-2gm.
>Therapeutic use :- Swasa,Hrcchula
>Formulations :-
Grahanivajrakapata ras
Jvarankusa ras
Balarka ras
>Sodhana
(purification):-
•
Rasa Tarangini did not mention about the purfication. How ever some vaids
consider that śṛngi should be purfied in amla varga dravyas for 3 hrs.
-Śrnga (purified) should be cut into small pieces of about 4 inches each and
subjected to Gajaputa.
-This bhasma will be black in colour.
-When this powder is
mixed with juice of Aloe vera and subjected to Gaja puta the white coloured
bhasma is obtained.
>Conclusion:-
•The above discussion reveals that the Gorochana, kasturi and Mrigasringi is having Laghu, Ruksha, Gunas, Tikta in Rasa, and Vipaka in Katu, acts as KaphaVata Shamaka, Graha anashaka, Durgandha nashaka and hrit shoola hara respectively. So further scope of the study is to evaluate the psychologiacal effect of Gorochana, the anti-inflammatory and wound healing property of Kasturi as Durgandha nashaka and to evaluate the effects of mrigshringa bhasma on cardiac muscles.
